Minocycline (Minocin) is available orally and as an injection formulation that is used mainly to treat patients with inflammatory, non-nodular acne. It is also used to treat patients with purulent skin infections, respiratory, and gastrointestinal infections. It belongs to the class of antibiotics called tetracyclines. It acts by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.

Minocycline Uses:

• Acute intestinal amebiasis:

  • It is used as adjunctive therapy to amebicides in the treatment of acute intestinal amebiasis

• Acne:

  • Oral (immediate release) and intravenous: Use as adjunctive for severe acne
  • Oral (extended-release): It is used for the treatment of only inflammatory lesions of non-nodular moderate to severe acne vulgaris > 12 years old patients

• Actinomycosis:

  • It is used for the treatment of actinomycosis caused by Actinomyces israelii when penicillin can not be used

• Anthrax:

  • It is used for the treatment of anthrax caused by Bacillus anthracis when penicillin can not be used

• Asymptomatic carriers of Neisseria meningitidis:

  • Oral (immediate-release): it is used to eliminate the meningococci from the nasopharynx of asymptomatic carriers of N. meningitidis

• Campylobacter:

  • It is indicated for the treatment of infections due to Campylobacter fetus

• Cholera:

  • It is indicated for the treatment of cholera due to Vibrio cholerae

• Clostridium:

  • It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by Clostridium spp when penicillin can not be used

• Gram-negative infections:

  • It is indicated for the treatment of infections caused by Acinetobacter spp, Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Shigella spp

• Listeriosis:

  • It si used to treat listeriosis due to Listeria monocytogenes when penicillin is contraindicated

• Meningitis:

  • It is used to treat meningitis due to Neisseria meningitidis when penicillin is contraindicated

• Ophthalmic infections:

  • It is used to treat inclusion conjunctivitis or trachoma caused by Chlamydia trachomatis

• Relapsing fever:

  • It is used to treat relapsing fever caused by Borrelia recurrentis

• Respiratory tract infections:

  • It is used to treat respiratory tract infections (RTIs) caused by Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella spp, or Mycoplasma pneumonia. For the treatment of upper respiratory tract infections caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae.

• Rickettsial infections:

  • It is used for the treatment of Rocky Mountain spotted fever, typhus fever and the typhus group, Q fever, rickettsialpox, and tick fevers caused by Rickettsiae

• Sexually transmitted infections:

  • it is used for the treatment of following STI when penicillin is contraindicated
    • lymphogranuloma venereum caused by C. trachomatis
    • Nongonococcal urethritis
    • Endocervical, or rectal infections in adults caused by Ureaplasma urealyticum or C. trachomatis
    • Donovanosis (granuloma inguinale) caused by Klebsiella granulomatis
    • Syphilis caused by Treponema pallidum subspecies pallidum

• Skin and skin structure infections:

  • It is used to treat skin and skin structure infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus (not considered a first-line agent for any staphylococcal infection)

• Urinary tract infections:

  • It is used for the treatment of urinary tract infections caused by Klebsiella species

• Vincent infection:

  • It is used for the treatment of Vincent infection caused by Fusobacterium fusiforme when penicillin is contraindicated

• Yaws:

  • It is used for the treatment of yaws caused by T. pallidum subspecies pertenue when penicillin is contraindicated

• Zoonotic infections:

  • It is used for following zoonotic infections
    • Psittacosis (ornithosis) due to Chlamydia psittaci
    • Plague due to Yersinia pestis
    • Tularemia due to Francisella tularensis
    • Brucellosis due to Brucella spp (in conjunction with streptomycin)
    • Bartonellosis due to Bartonella bacilliformis

• Off Label Use of Minocycline in Adults:

  • Cellulitis (purulent) due to community-acquired MRSA
  • Leprosy
  • Nocardiosis
  • Prosthetic Joint Infection
  • Rheumatoid arthritis

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Minocycline Dose in Adults:

Usual dosage range:

• IV: Initial: 200 mg for 1 dose; Maintenance: 100 mg twice a day (maximum: 400 mg a day)
• Oral: Initial: 200 mg for 1 dose; Maintenance: 100 mg twice a day; more frequent dosing intervals may be used (100 - 200 mg initially, followed by 50 mg 4 times a day)

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of Acne:

• Oral: Capsule or immediate-release tablet: 50- 100 mg twice daily. Note: The shortest possible duration should be used to minimize the development of bacterial resistance; re-evaluate at 3 -4 months

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of moderate to severe non-nodular inflammatory acne vulgaris:

Note: It should be given for 12 weeks. Safety of use for more than 12 weeks has not been established.

• Extended-release capsule (Ximino):

  • Oral: 1 mg/kg (rounded to the nearest capsule) once a day

• Extended-release tablet: Oral:

  • Minolira:
    • 45 - 59 kg:5 mg (one-half of the 105 mg tablet) once a day
    • 60 - 89 kg:5 mg (one-half of the 135 mg tablet) once a day
    • 90 - 125 kg: 105 mg once a day
    • 126 - 136 kg: 135 mg once a day
  • CoreMino, Solodyn:
    • 45 - 49 kg: 45 mg once a day
    • 50 - 59 kg: 55 mg once a day
    • 60 - 71 kg: 65 mg once a day
    • 72 - 84 kg: 80 mg once a day
    • 85 - 96 kg: 90 mg once a day
    • 97 - 110 kg: 105 mg once a day
    • 111 - 125 kg: 115 mg once a day
    • 126 - 136 kg: 135 mg once a day

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of Purulent Cellulitis due to community-acquired MRSA (off-label): Oral:

• Initial: 200 mg; Maintenance: 100 mg twice a day for 5 - 10 days

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of uncomplicated Chlamydial or Ureaplasma urealyticum infection:

• Oral, IV: Urethral, endocervical, or rectal: 100 mg twice a day for at least 7 days

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of uncomplicated Gonococcal infection in males: Oral, IV:

• Without urethritis or anorectal infection:

  • Initial: 200 mg for 1 dose; Maintenance: 100 mg twice a day for at least 4 days (cultures 2 - 3 days post-therapy)

• Urethritis:

  • 100 mg twice a day for 5 days

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose as an alternative agent in the treatment of Leprosy (off-label): Oral:

• Lepromatous (multibacillary):

  • 100 mg once a day for 24 months in combination with clofazimine and rifampin

• Tuberculoid (paucibacillary):

  • 100 mg once a day for 12 months in combination with rifampin.

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of Meningococcal carrier state (manufacturer's labeling):

• Oral: 100 mg twice a day for 5 days.

Note: CDC recommendations do not mention the use of minocycline for eradicating nasopharyngeal carriage of meningococcal

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of Mycobacterium marinum:

• Oral: 100 mg twice a day for 6 - 8 weeks

Dose in the treatment of Nocardiosis (off-label):

• Oral: 100 - 200 mg twice a day, with or without other concomitant antimicrobials. Additional data may be necessary to further define the role of minocycline in this condition.

Minocycline (Minocin) dose in the treatment of prosthetic joint infection:

• Staphylococci (oxacillin-sensitive or -resistant) oral phase treatment (after completion of pathogen-specific IV therapy) following 1-stage exchange:

  • Total ankle, elbow, hip, or shoulder arthroplasty: 100 mg twice a day for 3 months;
  • Note: It must be used in combination with rifampin.
  • Total knee arthroplasty: 100 mg twice a day for 6 months; Note: Must be used in combination with rifampin.

Minocycline (Minocin) dose for chronic oral antimicrobial suppression (off-label): Oral:

• Cutibacterium spp (alternative to penicillin or amoxicillin):

  • 100 mg twice a day.

• Staphylococci (oxacillin-resistant):

  • 100 mg twice a day.

Minocycline (Minocin) dose in the treatment of Rheumatoid arthritis (off-label):

• Oral: 100 mg twice a day

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of Syphilis:

• Oral, IV: Initial: 200 mg for 1 dose;
• Maintenance: 100 mg twice a day for 10 - 15 days

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Minocycline Dose in Childrens:

Minocycline (Minocin) general dosing for susceptible infections:

• Children >8 years and Adolescents:

  • Oral:
    • Immediate-release formulations: Initial: 4 mg/kg once (maximum dose: 200 mg), then 2 mg/kg/dose twice a day (maximum dose: 100 mg/dose).
  • IV: Initial: 4 mg/kg once (maximum dose: 200 mg), then 2 mg/kg/dose (maximum dose: 100 mg/dose) twice a day; maximum daily dose: 400 mg/day.

Minocycline (Minocin) Dose in the treatment of moderate to severe non-nodular inflammatory acne:

Note: Higher doses have no higher efficacy and can produce acute vestibular side effects. Due to emerging resistance patterns, It should not be given as monotherapy for acne vulgaris. Immediate-release formulations:

• Children ≥8 years and Adolescents: Oral: 50 - 100 mg 1 - 2 times a day in conjunction with topical therapy (eg, benzoyl peroxide)
  • Duration of 4 - 8 weeks of therapy required to know initial clinical response with a longer duration for a maximum effect (3 - 6 months).

• Extended-release formulations:

  • Children ≥12 years and Adolescents: Oral: ~1 mg/kg/dose once a day for 12 weeks.

Minocycline product-specific dosing:

• Extended-release capsule: Ximino: Oral:

  • 45 - 59 kg: 45 mg once a day.
  • 60 - 90 kg: 90 mg once a day.
  • 91 - 136 kg: 135 mg once a day.

• Extended-release tablet:

  • Minolira: Oral:
    • 45 - 59 kg:5 mg (one-half of the 105 mg tablet) once a day.
    • 60 - 89 kg: 5 mg (one-half of the 135 mg tablet) once daily.
    • 90 - 125 kg: 105 mg once a day.
    • 126 - 136 kg: 135 mg once a day.
  • CoreMino, Solodyn: Oral:
    • 45 - 49 kg: 45 mg once a day.
    • 50 - 59 kg: 55 mg once a day.
    • 60 - 71 kg: 65 mg once a day.
    • 72 - 84 kg: 80 mg once a day.
    • 85 - 96 kg: 90 mg once a day.
    • 97 - 110 kg: 105 mg once a day.
    • 111 - 125 kg: 115 mg once a day.
    • 126 - 136 kg: 135 mg once a day.

Minocycline (Minocin) dose in the treatment of Skin and soft tissue infection (ie, purulent cellulitis), community-acquired MRSA:

Note: It should be given for duration according to clinical response; the usual duration is 5 - 10 days for outpatient cellulitis

• Children >8 years and Adolescents:

  • Immediate-release formulations: Oral: Initial: 4 mg/kg (maximum dose: 200 mg), then 2 mg/kg/dose (maximum dose: 100 mg/dose) twice a day

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Pregnancy Risk Category: D

• Minocycline crosses over to the placenta.
• Tetracyclines, including minocycline, can accumulate in the developing teeth of the fetus and long tubular bone tissue. 
• After maternal exposure in utero, it can cause permanent yellowing, greying, or brownishing of teeth, as well as limb retardation, and deformity in infants.
• Tetracyclines are second-line antibiotics and should be avoided in pregnancy.
• Minocycline should not be used to treat Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever or Q fever in pregnant women.
• For acne during pregnancy use alternate agents
• Seminal fluid contains minocycline. Minocycline was not intended to be used by males or women trying to conceive.

Use during breastfeeding:

• Breast milk contains minocycline
• Oral absorption doesn't change with the use of dairy products. Therefore, oral absorption for minocycline is not affected by calcium in maternal milk.
• According to the manufacturer of the product, the decision about whether to continue breastfeeding or not during therapy should consider the risks to the infant as well as the benefits to the mother.
• Tetracyclines, as a class, are not recommended for nursing mothers because they can permanently stain infant's teeth.
• Sources note that breastfeeding can be continued during tetracycline therapy, but they recommend using alternative medications whenever possible.
• Others note that some short-term exposure is acceptable. However, breast-feeding mothers should avoid long-term use (e.g., to treat acne).
• Breast milk antibiotics can cause non-dose-related changes in the bowel flora.
• Monitor infants for GI disorders.

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Dose in Kidney Disease:

• IV:

  • CrCl ≥80 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment required.
  • CrCl <80 mL/minute: Do not exceed 200 mg/day.

• Oral:

  • Immediate release:

    • CrCl ≥80 mL/minute: No dosage adjustment required.
    • CrCl <80 mL/minute: Do not exceed 200 mg/day.
  • Extended-release: The manufacturer has not provided any dose adjustment in labeling. Dose reduction or increasing in the interval can be considered.

Dose in Liver disease:

The manufacturer has not provided any dose adjustment in labeling; however, hepatotoxicity has been reported. Use cautiously

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Side Effects of Minocycline (Minocin):

• Central nervous system:

  • Dizziness
  • Fatigue
  • Malaise
  • Drowsiness

• Dermatologic:

  • Pruritus
  • Urticaria

• Neuromuscular & skeletal:

  • Arthralgia

• Otic:

  • Tinnitus

Less common side effects:

• Cardiovascular:

  • Myocarditis
  • Vasculitis

• Central nervous system:

  • Intracranial hypertension
  • Vertigo

• Dermatologic:

  • Skin photosensitivity
  • Skin rash

• Gastrointestinal:

  • Diarrhea
  • Discoloration of permanent tooth
  • Enamel hypoplasia

• Hematologic & oncologic:

  • Lymphadenopathy

• Renal:

  • Nephritis

• Miscellaneous:

  • Fever

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Contraindications to Minocycline (Minocin):

• Severe allergic reaction any of the tetracyclines, or any part of this formulation

Canadian labeling: Additional contraindications not in the US labeling

• Grave liver disease
• Failure of the renal system
• Myasthenia gravis
• Children under 13 years old
• Pregnancy
• Breastfeeding

Warnings and precautions

• Autoimmune syndromes:

  • Autoimmune disorders such as lupus-like, liver disease, and vasculitis, which can include serum sickness, may be present
  • If autoimmune symptoms occur, discontinue use
  • Examine liver functions, ANA and complete blood count.

• Intracrânal hypertension benign (eg pseudotumor cerebri [PTC]).

  • It may cause headaches, diplopia, blurred or lost vision, papilledema, and/or intracranial hypertension (Pseudotumor Cerebri).
  • Patients on oral contraceptives, obese women, pregnant women and people with a history or intracranial hypertension are at highest risk for pseudotumor cerebri.
  • It is best to avoid the simultaneous use of isotretinoin and tetracycline, which are known to cause pseudotumor cebri [PTC]).
  • If the drug is not stopped promptly, permanent vision loss is possible.
  • It is important to seek prompt medical attention if you experience visual symptoms.
  • Patients should be monitored until intracranial pressure stabilizes.

• CNS effects

  • Use of it can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, vertigo, and other symptoms. Patients should be cautious about driving or engaging in activities that require high mental alertness.
  • With discontinuation, symptoms can be relieved.

• Hepatotoxicity:

  • Use of acne treatment can lead to hepatotoxicity in varying degrees, including irreversible drug-induced liver damage and fatal fulminant heart failure.

• Hyperpigmentation

  • Hyperpigmentation may result from its use. This includes nails, bones, skin (including scar or injury sites), eyes and sclerae.
  • Dose and duration do not affect skin or oral hyperpigmentation.

• Hypersensitivity

  • Anaphylaxis has been reported. Discontinue the drug immediately and take supportive measures.

• Increased BUN

  • Patients with impaired renal function should be cautious when using it as it can raise serum BUN levels due to its anti-anabolic properties.
  • Tetracyclines can cause acidosis, hyperphosphatemia, azotemia, acidosis, drug accumulation, and possible hepatotoxicity.

• Photosensitivity

  • Photosensitivity patients who experience skin erythema or photosensitivity should stop using it.
  • Avoid using tanning equipment.
  • Avoid prolonged sun exposure and use sunscreen to protect your skin.

• Skin rash

  • There are many possible causes of skin rash, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme and eosinophilia.
  • After discontinuing the drug, symptoms may persist for several weeks.
  • In up to 10% of cases, it can be fatal
  • If you suspect DRESS syndrome, discontinue use immediately.

• Superinfection

  • Long-term use of the drug can lead to super-infections, especially fungal or bacterial.
  • Possible complications include bacterial superinfection, including clostridioides difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD), and pseudomembranous collitis.
  • Clostridioides difficile -associated diarrhea (CDAD), can occur up to 2 months after the end of antibiotics.
  •  

• Hepatic impairment

  • Patients with preexisting liver or renal disease are at risk of developing hepatic impairment.
  • Avoid taking hepatotoxic drugs with you.

• Renal impairment

  • It should be used with caution by patients with impaired renal function.
  • Recommendations for adjustment of the dose

Minocycline (systemic): Drug Interaction

Risk Factor C (Monitor therapy)
Aminolevulinic Acid (Topical)	Photosensitizing Agents may enhance the photosensitizing effect of Aminolevulinic Acid (Topical).
Atazanavir	Minocycline (Systemic) may decrease the serum concentration of Atazanavir.
BCG Vaccine (Immunization)	Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG Vaccine (Immunization).
CNS Depressants	Minocycline (Systemic) may enhance the CNS depressant effect of CNS Depressants.
Lactobacillus and Estriol	Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Lactobacillus and Estriol.
Magnesium Dimecrotate	May interact via an unknown mechanism with Tetracyclines.
Mipomersen	Tetracyclines may enhance the hepatotoxic effect of Mipomersen.
Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents	Minocycline (Systemic) may enhance the neuromuscularblocking effect of Neuromuscular-Blocking Agents.
Penicillins	Tetracyclines may diminish the therapeutic effect of Penicillins.
Porfimer	Photosensitizing Agents may enhance the photosensitizing effect of Porfimer.
Verteporfin	Photosensitizing Agents may enhance the photosensitizing effect of Verteporfin.
Vitamin K Antagonists (eg, warfarin)	Tetracyclines may enhance the anticoagulant effect of Vitamin K Antagonists.
Risk Factor D (Consider therapy modification)
Antacids	May decrease the absorption of Tetracyclines. Management: Separate administration of antacids and oral tetracycline derivatives by several hours when possible to minimize the extent of this potential interaction.
Bile Acid Sequestrants	May decrease the absorption of Tetracyclines.
Bismuth Subcitrate	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Avoid administration of oral tetracyclines within 30 minutes of bismuth subcitrate administration. This is of questionable significance for at least some regimens intended to treat H. pylori infections.
Bismuth Subsalicylate	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Consider dosing tetracyclines 2 hours before or 6 hours after bismuth. The need to separate doses during Helicobacter pylori eradication regimens is questionable.
Calcium Salts	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: If coadministration of oral calcium with oral tetracyclines can not be avoided, consider separating administration of each agent by several hours.
Iron Preparations	Tetracyclines may decrease the absorption of Iron Preparations. Iron Preparations may decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Avoid this combination if possible. Administer oral iron preparations at least 2 hours before, or 4 hours after, the dose of the oral tetracycline derivative. Monitor for decreased therapeutic effect of oral tetracycline derivatives. Exceptions: Ferric Carboxymaltose; Ferric Gluconate; Ferric Hydroxide Polymaltose Complex; Ferric Pyrophosphate Citrate; Ferumoxytol; Iron Dextran Complex; Iron Isomaltoside; Iron Sucrose.
Lanthanum	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Administer oral tetracycline antibiotics at least two hours before or after lanthanum.
Magnesium Salts	May decrease the absorption of Tetracyclines. Only applicable to oral preparations of each agent.
Multivitamins/Minerals (with ADEK, Folate, Iron)	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: If coadministration of a polyvalent cation-containing multivitamin with oral tetracyclines can not be avoided, separate administration of each agent by several hours.
Multivitamins/Minerals (with AE, No Iron)	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: If coadministration of a polyvalent cation-containing multivitamin with oral tetracyclines can not be avoided, separate administration of each agent by several hours.
Quinapril	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Separate doses of quinapril and oral tetracycline derivatives by at least 2 hours in order to reduce the risk of interaction. Monitor for reduced efficacy of the tetracycline if these products are used concomitantly.
Sodium Picosulfate	Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Sodium Picosulfate. Management: Consider using an alternative product for bowel cleansing prior to a colonoscopy in patients who have recently used or are concurrently using an antibiotic.
Sucralfate	May decrease the absorption of Tetracyclines. Management: Administer most tetracycline derivatives at least 2 hours prior to sucralfate in order to minimize the impact of this interaction. Administer oral omadacycline 4 hours prior to sucralfate.
Sucroferric Oxyhydroxide	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: Administer oral/enteral doxycycline at least 1 hour before sucroferric oxyhydroxide. Specific dose separation guidelines for other tetracyclines are not presently available. No interaction is anticipated with parenteral administration of tetracyclines.
Typhoid Vaccine	Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Typhoid Vaccine. Only the live attenuated Ty21a strain is affected. Management: Vaccination with live attenuated typhoid vaccine (Ty21a) should be avoided in patients being treated with systemic antibacterial agents. Use of this vaccine should be postponed until at least 3 days after cessation of antibacterial agents.
Zinc Salts	May decrease the absorption of Tetracyclines. Only a concern when both products are administered orally. Management: Consider doxycycline as a noninteracting tetracycline derivative. Separate dose administration of oral tetracycline derivative and oral zinc salts by at least 2 hours to minimize interaction. Exceptions: Zinc Chloride.
Risk Factor X (Avoid combination)
Aminolevulinic Acid (Systemic)	Photosensitizing Agents may enhance the photosensitizing effect of Aminolevulinic Acid (Systemic).
BCG (Intravesical)	Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of BCG (Intravesical).
Cholera Vaccine	Antibiotics may diminish the therapeutic effect of Cholera Vaccine. Management: Avoid cholera vaccine in patients receiving systemic antibiotics, and within 14 days following the use of oral or parenteral antibiotics.
Mecamylamine	Tetracyclines may enhance the neuromuscular-blocking effect of Mecamylamine.
Methoxyflurane	Tetracyclines may enhance the nephrotoxic effect of Methoxyflurane.
Retinoic Acid Derivatives	Tetracyclines may enhance the adverse/toxic effect of Retinoic Acid Derivatives. The development of pseudotumor cerebri is of particular concern. Exceptions: Adapalene; Bexarotene (Topical); Tretinoin (Topical).
Strontium Ranelate	May decrease the serum concentration of Tetracyclines. Management: In order to minimize any potential impact of strontium ranelate on tetracycline antibiotic concentrations, it is recommended that strontium ranelate treatment be interrupted during tetracycline therapy.

 

Monitoring parameters:

• Liver functions
• Renal function including BUN
• Serum magnesium in patients with renal impairment;
• if any symptoms of the autoimmune disorder: ANA, CBC
• Ophthalmologic evaluation if visual disturbances occur
• If used for syphilis, repeat serologic tests 3 months after treatment.

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How to administer Minocycline (Minocin)?

Intravenous:

• Do not infuse rapidly, should be given > 60 minutes.
• Use parenteral route if orally can not be taken or tolerated.
• Prolonged IV administration cause thrombophlebitis

Oral:

• Can be taken with or without food. Should be taken with plenty of fluid to decrease the risk of esophageal irritation and ulceration.
• Swallow pellet-filled capsule and extended-release tablet or capsule whole; do not chew, crush, or split.
• Minolira 105 mg and 135 mg extended-release tablets may be split on the scoreline.

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Mechanism of action of Minocycline (Minocin):

It is a tetracycline antibacterial that inhibits protein synthesis through binding to the 30S or 50S ribosomal ribosomal units of susceptible bacteria organisms. It does not affect the synthesis of cell walls.

Absorption:

• Oral: Well absorbed

Distribution:

• Widely distributed to most body fluids, bile, and tissues
• Poor CNS penetration
• Deposits in fat for extended periods; V : 0.14 - 0.7 L/kg

Protein binding:

• 55% - 96%

Metabolism:

• Hepatic to inactive metabolites

Bioavailability:

• 90% - 100%

Half-life elimination:

• IV: 15 - 23 hours; 11 - 16 hours (hepatic impairment); 18 - 69 hours (renal impairment)
• Oral: 16 hours (range: 11 - 17 hours)

Time to peak:

• Capsule, pellet filled: 1 - 4 hours;
• Tablet: 1 - 3 hours;
• Extended release tablet: 3.5 - 4 hours

Excretion:

• Urine (5% - 12% excreted unchanged)
• feces (20% to 34%).

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International Brand Names of Minocycline:

• CoreMino
• Minocin
• Minolira
• Solodyn
• Ximino
• CO Minocycline
• DOM-Minocycline
• Minocycline-100
• Minocycline-50
• MYLANMinocycline
• PHL-Minocycline
• PMS-Minocycline
• SANDOZ MInocycline
• SANDOZ Minocycline
• TEVA-Minocycline
• Acneclin
• Akamin
• Antinocil
• Bagomicina
• Borymycin
• Cyclimycin
• Cynomycin
• Delnil
• Dentomycin
• Haicin
• Klinomycin
• Klinotab
• Lederderm
• Melicin
• Mestacine
• Micromycin
• Minaxen
• Mino-50
• Minocin
• Minocin Akne
• Minocin MR
• Minoclin
• Minocyclin
• Minocyclin 50 Stada
• Minogran
• Minolin
• Minoline
• Minolox
• Minomycin
• Minosil
• Minostad
• Minot
• Minotab
• Minotab 50
• Minox
• Minoz MR
• Mirosin
• Mynocine
• Parocline
• Periocline
• Ximino

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Minocycline Brand Names in Pakistan:

Minocycline HCl Tablets 100 mg in Pakistan
Cinocid	Gray`S Pharmaceuticals
Cycloxin	Medicure Laboratories
Minoaim	Aims Traders
Minoclin	Wise Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Ltd
Minocycline	Healers Laboratories
Minoderm	Glaxosmithkline
Minogen	Mass Pharma (Private) Limited
Minolox	Genome Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Ltd
Minopen	Pearl Pharmaceuticals
Minorin	Cirin Pharmaceuticals (Pvt) Ltd.
Minowil	Wilshire Laboratories (Pvt) Ltd.
Myno	Global Pharmaceuticals
Nocyl	Crown Pharmaceuticals

 

Minocycline Hcl Capsules 50 Mg in Pakistan
Monocin	Valor Pharmaceuticals

 

Minocycline Hcl Capsules 100 Mg in Pakistan
Minogen	Mass Pharma (Private) Limited