Latanoprost (Xalatan) eye drops are used to reduce the intraocular pressure in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Latanoprost Uses:

• Elevated intraocular pressure:

  • It is used to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) in patients with open-angle glaucoma and ocular hypertension.

Read: Lumigan (Bimatoprost) for glaucoma & growth of eyelashes

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in Adults:

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in the treatment of Elevated intraocular pressure:

• Ophthalmic:
  • One drop instilled into the affected eye(s) once a day in the evening.
  • Do not exceed the once a day dosage as it may decrease the IOP-lowering effect of the drug.

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in Childrens:

Latanoprost (Xalatan) Dose in the treatment of Reduction of intraocular pressure:

• Infants, Children, and Adolescents:

  • Ophthalmic solution (eg, Xalatan): Ophthalmic:
    • One drop administered into the affected eye(s) once a day in the evening.

Pregnancy Risk Category: C

• Its use in pregnancy is not known.
• To reduce the exposure of fetal eyes, it is recommended that you use the lowest possible dose and occlude your punctum after instilling eye drops.

Latanoprost use during breastfeeding:

• It is unknown if the drug will be excreted into breastmilk.
• It is recommended that you use it with caution, considering the possible adverse effects on the child and the benefits to the mother.

Dose in Kidney Disease:

There is no dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer’s labeling. However, an adjustment in the dosage is probably not required because of minimal systemic absorption.

Dose in Liver disease:

There is no dosage adjustment provided in manufacturer’s labeling. However, an adjustment in the dosage is probably not required because of minimal systemic absorption.

Common Side Effects of Latanoprost (Xalatan):

• Central nervous system:

  • Foreign body sensation of eye

• Ophthalmic:

  • Eye pain
  • Stinging of eyes
  • Ocular hyperemia
  • Conjunctival hyperemia
  • Eye discharge
  • Increased eyelash length

Less Common Side Effects of Latanoprost (Xalatan):

• Dermatologic:

  • Erythema Of Eyelid
  • Hyperpigmentation Of Eyelashes
  • Allergic Skin Reaction
  • Skin Rash

• Infection:

  • Influenza

• Neuromuscular & Skeletal:

  • Arthralgia
  • Back Pain
  • Myalgia

• Ophthalmic:

  • Punctate Keratitis
  • Blurred Vision
  • Increased Eyelash Thickness
  • Eye Pruritus
  • Burning Sensation Of Eyes
  • Iris Hyperpigmentation
  • Decreased Visual Acuity
  • Eyelid Pain
  • Lacrimation
  • Crusting Of Eyelid
  • Dry Eye Syndrome
  • Photophobia
  • Eyelid Edema
  • Conjunctival Edema

• Respiratory:

  • Nasopharyngitis
  • Upper Respiratory Tract Infection

Contraindications to Latanoprost (Xalatan):

• Hypersensitivity to any drug, benzalkonium chlorineide, or any ingredient of the formulation

Warnings and precautions

• Bacterial Keratitis

  • Inadvertently contaminating multiple-dose ophthalmic products can lead to bacterial keratitis.

• Ocular effects

  • It can cause pigmentation in the eyes and surrounding skin, including the eyelashes. It can cause the eyelashes to grow in length and number.
  • The discoloration of the iris may last for years or be permanent. The treatment can be stopped if the eyelash and eyes are discolored.
  • It is not known what long-term effects ocular diseases can have on the eyes.

• Ocular inflammation:

  • It can cause a inflammatory reaction that may lead to ocular inflammation, or worsen preexisting inflammation.
  • Patients suffering from active ocular inflammation should be advised to stop using it. It is best to avoid patients with history of iritis and uveitis.

• Herpetic keratitis

  • It is possible for herpes keratitis to reactivate. Patients who have had herpes simplex keratitis in the past should be cautious when using this drug.
  • Patients with active herpes simplex should avoid it.

• Ocular disease:

  • Patients at high risk for macular edema or aphakia should not take the drug.
  • Patients with angle-closure, inflammatory, or neovascular Glaucoma have not been able to determine the efficacy and safety.

Latanoprost: Drug Interaction

Monitoring parameters:

• Monitor the intraoclar pressure
• Patients should be regularly examined for iris pigmentation as increased pigmentation may occur.

How to administer Latanoprost (Xalatan)?

Ophthalmic:

• It is intended for ophthalmic use only.
• Other concomitant medications that reduce the intraocular pressure may be administered, however, a gap of at least five minutes is recommended between the two medications.
• Individuals who wear contact lenses should remove them before administering the eye drops and wait for at least 15 minutes before reinserting them.

Mechanism of action of Latanoprost (Xalatan):

Latanoprost, a prostaglandin F-2 alpha analog, increases the outflow aqueous humor and reduces intraocular pressure.

The beginning of action:

• 3-4 hours

Peak effect:

• Maximum effect can be observed between 8 and 12 hours

Absorption:

• It is absorbed via the cornea, where the esterases hydrolyze the isopropyl ester prodrug to produce the biologically active chemical.
• After the drug has been administered to the aqueous humor, the peak concentration is attained in approximately 2 hours.

Metabolism:

• It is primarily metabolized in the liver via fatty acid beta-oxidation

Half-life elimination:

• 17 minutes

Excretion:

• Urine (as metabolites)

International Brand Names of Latanoprost:

• Xalatan
• Xelpros
• APO-Latanoprost
• GD-Latanoprost
• MED-Latanoprost
• Monoprost
• PMS-Latanoprost
• RIVALatanoprost
• SANDOZ Latanoprost
• TEVA-Latanoprost
• Xalatan
• 9 PM eye drops
• Akistan
• Arulatan
• Astapro
• Ciptan
• Drenatan
• Enicil
• Exalo
• Exprosol
• Gaap Ofteno
• Glaumax
• Glautan
• Hysite Eye Drops
• Ioprost
• Iprost
• Jaskroptic
• Kivixkenl
• Lanoprost
• Lanotan
• Laprost
• Latacris
• Latalux
• Latano
• Latanoflax
• Latanopress
• Latanox
• Latapres
• Lataprost
• Lataro
• Lataz
• Latep
• Latipress
• Latizodil
• Latnoprost
• Latochek
• Latof
• Latop
• Latoprost
• Louten
• Lumoprost
• Monopost
• Monoprost
• Ocuprost
• Prosdrop
• Protan
• Rasguna
• Tonlit
• Unilat
• Vislat
• Vizilat
• Vizilatan
• Xalaprost
• Xalatan
• Xalavist
• Xalof
• Xaloftal
• Xaprost

Latanoprost Brand Names in Pakistan: